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Objective@#To understand the status and associated factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about myopia prevention and control among young children s parents in Guangzhou, so as to provide reference for family health education on myopia prevention and control.@*Methods@#During January to February 2023, 4 584 parents of children from kindergarten and primary school (grade 1-3) were recruited. Two to three kindergartens and 2 primary schools were selected from each of the 3 urban districts and 2 suburb districts of Guangzhou by stratified cluster random sampling method. Parents of children were administered with online questionnaire survey on KAP about myopia prevention and control. Descriptive analyses and multivariate Logistic regression models were used.@*Results@#The proportion of parents reaching standard of KAP about myopia prevention and control was 61.54%, the knowledge awareness rate was 57.30%, the positive attitude holding rate was 76.98% and the health practice formation rate was 63.31 %. Internet (70.35%) and lectures on school health education/health education materials (66.14%) were the most common ways for obtaining knowledge for parents. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that urban area, higher education ( college /undergraduate or above), annual household income 50 000-90 000, 100 000-290 000, 300 000-490 000, 500 000- 590 000 , and ≥600 000 Yuan, being aware of vision status (normal/poor) of their children, one or both parents with myopia, both parents with non myopia, acquiring knowledge by multi ways(2, 3, ≥4) were associated with higher KAP about myopia prev ention and control ( OR =1.23, 1.34, 1.36, 1.25，1.49, 1.93, 2.34, 1.64, 1.66, 1.89, 3.48, 3.09, 2.42, 1.65, 2.29, 3.22, P ＜ 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Knowledge and practice about myopia prevention and control among young children s parents in Guangzhou are insufficient, yet the attitude was satisfactory. It is necessary to carry out targeted education for parents, especially those living in suburb area, with low education and income level.
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With the market development and demand change, the use of adaptive algorithms in medical devices has become a possible trend. However, some uncertainties in the adaptive algorithm itself will bring challenges to the existing current supervisory work model. This article focuses on the ademptions of US agencies on artificial intelligence device supervision, and discusses the problems that existing pilot policies may encounter when facing devices with adaptive algorithms. In this way, we will provide relevant suggestions and look forward to discussing with scholars.
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Algorithms , Artificial IntelligenceABSTRACT
Objective@#To describe the prevalence and relationship between moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA), screen time (ST) and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Guangzhou, and to provide a reference for adolescent depression prevention and control.@*Methods@#Using stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 2 140 students were selected from one urban area and one suburban country for MVPA, ST and depressive symptoms investigation. Logistic regression was used to analyze relations among MVPA, ST and their combined patterns for depressive symptoms.@*Results@#A total of 89.72% students failed to meet the MVPA recommendations, girls (95.52%) were higher than boys(84.38%). Totally 67.38% of the students failed to meet the ST recommendations, boys (69.75%) were higher than girls(64.81%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27.01%, girls (31.58%) higher than boys(22.80%). MVPA, ST failure compliance rate and depression symptoms detection rate of vocational high school and ordinary high school were higher than junior high school ( χ 2=6.40,121.71,27.37, P ＜ 0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that the OR for depressive symptoms was 1.19 ( P =0.35) in students whose MVPA time achieving 1 h<7 d in the last week, and was 1.93 ( P <0.01) in students with the ST>2 h/d independently, no significant interactions were observed. Students with both MVPA time 1 h<7 d in the last week and the ST>2 h/d were more likely to report depressive symptoms( OR=2.03, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Insufficient MVPA, prolonged ST and high prevalence of depressive symptoms are observed among middle school students in Guangzhou. Students with both insufficient MVPA and prolonged ST are more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms. Specific psychological care and health education regarding physical activity and screen behavior should be implemented to students with different characteristics, as well as their parents for depressive symptom prevention.
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Objective@#To investigate the general situation of scoliosis and influencing factors among middle school students in Guangzhou, so as to provide evidence for behavioral intervention measures.@*Methods@#By stratified cluster random sampling method, 2 121 students from 8 middle schools of Guangzhou were selected to conduct questionnaire survey and physical examination.@*Results@#The detection rate of scoliosis among middle school students in Guangzhou was 8.20%, girls (9.50%)＞boys (7.00%), urban area (10.45%)＞suburb area (4.77%), senior high school (10.08%)＞junior school (6.39%) ( P ＜0.05). Among the most of the 174 positive students were found to have large thoracic curve, right lateral bending, being girls with medium scoliosis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that students in urban area ( OR=2.56, 95%CI =1.71-3.82), with mobile electronic devices usage time≥3 h/d( OR=1.59, 95%CI =1.12-2.27), prolonged near vision work ≥1 h ( OR=1.40, 95%CI =1.00-1.95), outdoor activity time＜2 h/d( OR=1.82, 95%CI =1.24-2.67) had a higher detection rate of scoliosis ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of scoliosis among middle school students in Guangzhou is much higher, which might be related to district, mobile electronic devices usage, prolonged near vision work and insufficient outdoor activity. Health education regarding spinal knowledge should be strengthened.
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Objective@#Based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model theory, the structural equation model(SEM)was used to analyze the effect of using new media to carry out AIDS health education among young students.@*Methods@#Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 2 561 students from four colleges in Yantai to conduct a questionnaire survey, and to carry out various forms of new media AIDS health education for the intervention group. Data were analyzed with structural equation model.@*Results@#After intervention，the awareness rate of AIDS were 85.9% and 94.0% respectively(χ2=46.67，P<0.01). The structural equation model fits well, and the fitted indices were: RMSEA=0.04, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.96, IFI=0.97, CFI=0.98. The direct effects of new media interventions on prevention information and prevention motivation were 0.30 and 0.65 respectively. The influence of information and motivation on preventive behavior was mainly reflected through the indirect effect of behavioral skills. The overall effects of standardization were 0.09 and 0.29 respectively. The overall effect of behavioral skills on preventive behavior was 0.80, which was the main factor affecting HIV prevention behavior.@*Conclusion@#The use of new media to carry out AIDS health education among young students had a significant effect. Motivation promotion should be used as a new breakthrough point for future work, and information, motivation, and behavioral skills should be used to promote the prevention of AIDS prevention among young students.
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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between classroom lighting and poor vision of primary and middle school students of poor vision with classroom natural light selecting and artificial lighting, so as to provide reference and basis for the prevention and control of eyesight of primary and middle school students.@*Methods@#A total of 1 734 students from 45 classrooms in 7 primary and secondary schools (2 in primary school, 2 in junior high school, and 1 in vocational school) in Baiyun District, Guangzhou were selected by stratified cluster sampling method for research. The classroom lighting environment was monitored by the illuminometer, the naked eye vision of students was detected by 5 m standard logarithmic vision light box, and the basic information and myopia-related behaviors of students were investigated by questionnaire. And the correlation between poor vision of primary and middle school students and classroom lighting was analyzed.@*Results@#The poor vision rate of primary and middle school students in Baiyun District of Guangzhou was 74.2%(1 286), the girls’ rate(79.7%) was higher than boys’(69.4%), the rate of senior high school students(63.4%) was higher than that of middle school students(81.1%), the rate of vocational school students(82.8%) was higher that of primary school students(60.2%), the rate of resident students(78.5%) was higher than that of non-resident students(69.6%). The results of multivariate analysis after controlling for confangulation factors showed that average illumination on the blackboard, and uneven illumination on the desk were associated with higher risk of poor vision[OR(OR95%CI)=1.51(1.01-2.25), 1.42(1.02-1.98),P<0.05)].@*Conclusion@#Poor eyesight of primary and middle school students in Baiyun District of Guangzhou city is serious, especially that of female students, senior high school students and resident students. There is a significant correlation between classroom lighting and poor vision in primary and middle school students. The blackboard and desk lighting are associated with higher risk of poor vision in primary and middle school students.
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Although the first-line rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone regimen (R-CHOP) substantially improved outcomes for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 40% of the patients suffered from relapsed/refractory disease and had poor survival outcomes. The detailed mechanism underlying R-CHOP resistance has not been well defined. For this review, we conducted a thorough search for literature and clinical trials involving DLBCL resistance. We discussed DLBCL biology, epigenetics, and aberrant signaling of the B-cell receptor (BCR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB), and the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways as defining mechanisms of DLBCL heterogeneity and R-CHOP resistance. The cell of origin, double- or triple-hit lymphoma and double-protein-expression, clonal evolution, tumor microenvironment, and multi-drug resistance help to contextualize DLBCL resistance in an (epi)genetically and biologically comparative manner. With better understanding of the biological and molecular landscape of DLBCL, a more detailed classification system and tailored treatments will ideally become available to further improve the prognosis of DLBCL patients.
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Humans , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Prognosis , Rituximab/therapeutic use , Tumor Microenvironment , Vincristine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the association of poor vision with time spent in outdoor activity among students from primary and middle schools, as well as from universities in Guangzhou, so as to provide targeted scientific basis for prevention and control of low vision.@*Methods@#According to the requirements of National Monitoring of Common Diseases and Health Risk Factors among Students Manual, a total of 2 908 students were selected in 1 urban area and 1 suburban county for monitoring and investigation in Guangzhou.@*Results@#The poor vision rate was 69.2% among students in Guangzhou, with girls (74.4%) > boys (64.2%), suburban country (76.3%) > urban areas (54.1%), university (95.0%) > vocational high school (82.5%) > regular high school (81.1%) > junior high school (73.4%) > primary school (45.6%). With the exception of primary students, the severe poor vision has the largest proportion in each age group. The proportion of spending less than 1 or 2 h for outdoor activities per day: girls>boys, suburban country > urban area, university and regular high school are higher. The poor vision rate of students who spent <2 h(72.3%) for outdoor activities daily was higher than those spent ≥2 h(65.6%). Compared with students who spent ≥2 h/d for outdoor activities, those spent < 2 h/d were at 1.24 times risk of being low vision(OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.04-1.48), controlling for the available confounders.@*Conclusion@#Poor vision rate of students in Guangzhou is high, occurring mainly with severe impairment and in younger age, the daily outdoor activity time is low. Girls, students from suburban country and junior high school should be considered as the emphasis for prevention and control of low vision.
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Objective To compare the effects of various interventions on the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI).Methods The clinical data of 218 patients with central venous catheterization were retrospectively analyzed.Infected patients were treated as CLABSI group and non-infected patients as control group.Results Of the 218 patients,24 patients were developed CLABSI.There was no significant difference in sex,age,primary infection status and puncture site between CLABSI group and control group.Univariate analysis showed that axillary vein puncture could significantly reduce the incidence of CLABSI (P=0.028),and the infection rate of axillary vein puncture per 1000 days under B-ultrasound was significantly reduced by 0.93‰.The average indwelling days of deep venous catheter in patients with pulse puncture were significantly longer than those in other groups (47.32 days vs 19.90 days).The average indwelling days in patients with axillary vein puncture positioned by B ultrasound were longer than those in patients with other parts of vein puncture positioned by B ultrasound (P ＜ 0.05).Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that the main risk factors for CLABSI were anatomically located puncture (P =0.031) and non-axillary venous catheterization (P =0.068).Conclusions Choosing axillary vein as the position of deep venous catheterization and using ultrasound-guided central venous puncture can reduce the incidence of CLABSI and prolong the average catheterization time.
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Survival after pancreatic cancer surgery is extremely unfavorable even after curative resection.Prognostic factors have been explored but remain largely undefined.The present study was to identify the role of clinical and laboratory variables in the prognostic significance of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.A total of 96 patients who underwent curative resection for pancreatic cancer were included.Survival was evaluated based on complete follow-up visits and was associated with potential prognostic factors using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model survival analyses.The results showed that prognostic variables significantly reduced survival,including old age,poorly differentiated tumors,elevated tumor markers and positive lymph node metastasis (LNM).Age of older than 60 years (HR=l.83,P=0.04),LNM (HR=2.22,P=0.01),lymph node ratio (0＜LNR≤0.2,HR=1.38,P=0.042;LNR＞0.2,HR=1.92,P=0.017),initial CA199 (HR=4.80,P=0.004),and CEA level (HR=2.59,P=0.019) were identified as independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis.It was concluded that LNR may be potent predictor of survival and suggests that surgeons and the pathologists should thoroughly assess lymph nodes prior to surgery.
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Objective @# To know the influencing factors of dental caries in first permanent molars among children aged 10-12 years old in Guangzhou, and to give references for dental caries prevention.@*Methods @#The samples were selected by stratified random sampling method. Oral health examination and questionnaires were applied to all the 18 656 children who were 5 or 6-grade in 149 primary schools. @*Results @#The prevalence of dental caries in first permanent molars was 18.19%. Girls accouted for 19.96%, which was significantly higher than that of boys (16.71%) (χ2 = 32.817, P< 0.001). Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the influencing factors of dental caries in first permanent molars. After controlling school cluster and other factors, household register, gender, pit and fissure sealant, consumption of sweets and chocolates, consumption of sweet milk were influencing factors of permanent teeth caries. And household register, gender, pit and fissure sealant, consumption of sweets and chocolates were associated with mean DMFT.@*Conclusion @#school oral health education should focus on the consumption of sugars and cares should be put into the differences between urban and rural area. In addition, strengthening publicity of the sealant retention project,raising public awareness, and improving sealant retention quality are necessary to ensure the anti-caries effect.
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Objective Intra-anal condyloma acuminate (IACA) remains a focus in clinical studies for its increasing incidence,difficult treatment and high recurrence.This study was to observe the effect and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) with stick light in the treatment of IACA.Methods We treated 30 IACA patients by ALA-PDT with stick light,with the exposure time of 30-40 minutes,once a week for 3 weeks.We recorded the skin lesion,the rate of its removal,and ad verse reactions and followed up the patients for 12 months.Results One-time complete removal of the lesion was achieved in 20％ (6/ 30) of the patients and partial removal in 40.0％ (12/30);twotime complete removal in 36.7％ (11/30) and partial removal in 30.0％ (9/30);and three-time complete removal in 50.0％ (15/30) and partial removal in 23.3％ (7/30),with a total effectiveness rate of 73.3％ (22/30).Pain was the main adverse reaction in most of the patients,which reached the peak at 10 minutes and was alleviated at 15 minutes after treatment,with the Visual Analogue Scale pain score of 6.57± 1.24.Recurrence was observed in 4 cases (18.2％),2 in the anal canal and the other 2 in both the anal canal and the crissum.Conclusion ALA-PDT with stick light is safe and effective in the treatment of intra-anal condyloma acuminata.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mitochondrial damage and the possible mechanism in the process of MCF-7 cell apoptosis which induced by quercetin. METHODS: The cell apoptosis model was established with MCF-7 cells induced by quercetin. The morphological characteristics of apoptotic MCF-7 cells were observed by transmission electron microscope. Fluorescent probes DCFH-DA and Fluo-8-AM were used to detect the invaded cells' reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular Ca2+concentration, respectively. The calcium channel blockers of extracellular and intracellular were used to inhibit apoptosis induced by quercetin in MCF-7 cells, the cellular apoptosis rates of which were measured by flow cytometry. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of Cyt C. RESULTS: Quercetin can induce MCF-7 cell mitochondria apoptosis. The spherical swelling, mitochondrial crest disappear and the formation of cavity were happened to those cells. Intracellular ROS and Ca2+ increased. The apoptosis induced by quercetin can be inhibit by intracellular calcium blockers ryanodine. After incubation with ryanodine, apoptosis rates fell by 55.4% at 24 h, 55.4% at 48 h and 39.9% at 72 h, respectively. The cell apoptosis induced by quercetin was not inhibited by EDTA. The expression of Cyt C was increased in the cytoplasm but not mitochondria after cultured the MCF-7 cell with EDTA. CONCLUSION: The mitochondrial damage plays an important role in the MCF-7 apoptosis which induced by quercetin, and its possible mechanism may related to the elevated levels of ROS and the release of Ca2+ and Cyt C in the cytoplasm. Meanwhile, Cyt C in the cytosol is potential critical signaling molecular in the process of apoptosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the proteomic change in lymphocytes of rabbits with scald injury and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) invasion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups as follows: control group, scald group, scald with SA invasion 2 hs group, and scald with SA invasion 6 hs group, according to random number table, with 6 rabbits in each group. Except for rabbits in control group (sham scald at 37 degrees C), rabbits in the other 3 groups were subjected to 30% TBSA full-thickness scald. Rabbits in SA invasion 2 and 6 hs groups were injected with 2 mL (1.0 x 10(8) CFU/mL) SA suspension, which was in the log growth phase, via auricle vein 18 hs and 22 hs after injury. Whole blood samples were collected from carotid artery of rabbits in 4 groups 24 hs after scald. Lymphocytes were isolated and its extracted proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectroscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>About 1030 protein spots of lymphocytes were detected in each group. Compared with that of control group, 19 protein spots were found to be differentially expressed in the other 3 groups, and 11 spots (10 proteins) were identified. Expression levels of cofilin, cyclophilin A, ubiquitin, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, glutamate dehydrogenase and annexin 1 were down-regulated, but expression level of peroxiredoxin was up-regulated obviously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is obvious proteomic change in lymphocytes of scalded rabbits or of scalded rabbits invaded by SA, and it may relate to immune suppression and sepsis after injury.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rabbits , Burns , Metabolism , Microbiology , Lymphocytes , Metabolism , Proteome , Staphylococcal Infections , MetabolismABSTRACT
Two important issue regarding the use of immunization to control infections and malignancies in the futureare: 1) the need to render poorly immunogenic, often highly purified, antigens more effective; and 2) the desire to direct the immune response in specific ways to achieve the most relevant response for each disease. The first issue can be solved by a broad range of vaccine adjuvants. The second requires careful selection among the adjuvants to allow directing of the immune response in the most appropriate manner. For exemple, in different settings expansion of a B cell response, cytotoxic T cell response, or enhancement of either a Th1 or Th2 subset response may be desired. These goals are accomplished by the use of several newly developed non-cytokine adjuvants, or by direct injection of the relevant cytokines. Some non-cytokine molecular adjuvants and cytokines used as adjuvants have already been proven effective in animal models and/or in clinical trials. Here, we review the present state of art in the use of vaccine adjuvants for control of various infections diseases.